Before 1978, China’s economy had a weak
foundation in agriculture, and the ratio between light and
heavy industries was unbalanced. Since 1978, China has
adopted a series of policies and measures giving priority to
the development of light industry, expanding the import of
top-quality consumer goods, strengthening the construction
of basic industry and facilities, and devoting major efforts
to developing tertiary industry, so as to make China’s
economic structure more coordinated, optimized and balanced.
The relations between different industries and within
industries in terms of proportion have clearly been
improved; the proportion of primary industry has declined,
while that of the secondary and tertiary industries has
grown; the growth of the overall national economy was driven
formerly by the primary and secondary industries, but now it
is being driven by the secondary and tertiary industries.
Actually the growth of secondary industry becomes the main
engine of rapid development for China’s economy.
While the whole industrial structure is
changing, the internal structure of every industry has also
changed greatly. In the total output value of agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, the proportion of
pure-agricultural output value has declined, while that of
forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries has grown; the
structure of light and heavy industries has escalated from
the light-pattern structure stressing “consumption
compensation” to the heavy-pattern structure of
“investment guidance”; within the tertiary
industry the proportion of the traditional industries, such
as communications, transportation and commerce, has
declined, while real estate, banking and insurance, and
telecommunications, have developed rapidly.
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